{"id":1865,"date":"2026-06-29T05:59:34","date_gmt":"2026-06-29T05:59:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.fratinivergano.eu\/en\/?post_type=trade-perspectives&#038;p=1865"},"modified":"2026-06-29T06:08:50","modified_gmt":"2026-06-29T06:08:50","slug":"29-june-2026","status":"publish","type":"trade-perspectives","link":"https:\/\/www.fratinivergano.eu\/en\/trade-perspectives\/29-june-2026\/","title":{"rendered":"29 June 2026"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong><a href=\"#EU\">Unpacking the EU\u2019s Packaging and Packaging Waste Regulation: New obligations for manufacturers, importers, and distributors from 12 August 2026<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"#Thailand\">Thailand to modernise its electronic system for issuing advance rulings on tariff classification and Customs data integration<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"#Food\">New EU labelling rules for honey enter into effect: Implementing rules on methods of analysis to detect adulterated honey and traceability are next<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"#Legislation\">Recently adopted EU legislation<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h1 id=\"EU\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Unpacking the EU\u2019s Packaging and Packaging Waste Regulation: New obligations for manufacturers, importers, and distributors from 12 August 2026<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><em>By Amanda Carlota, Stella Nalwoga<\/em><\/strong><strong><em>,&nbsp;<\/em><\/strong><strong><em>and Tobias Dolle<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">From 12 August 2026, <a href=\"https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/eli\/reg\/2025\/40\/oj\/eng\"><em>Regulation (EU) 2025\/40 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 19 December 2024 on packaging and packaging waste, amending Regulation (EU) 2019\/1020 and Directive (EU) 2019\/904, and repealing Directive 94\/62\/EC<\/em><\/a> (Packaging and Packaging Waste Regulation, hereinafter, PPWR) will apply. With less than two months to go, and despite the European Commission\u2019s publication of a detailed <a href=\"https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/EN\/TXT\/?uri=PI_COM:C(2026)3702\"><em>Guidance Document<\/em><\/a><em> <\/em>and answers to many <a href=\"https:\/\/environment.ec.europa.eu\/publications\/faq-packaging-and-packaging-waste-regulation-ppwr_en\"><em>Frequently Asked Questions<\/em><\/a><em> <\/em>to support the implementation of the PPWR,there is still much uncertainty surrounding the requirements and the timelines for their implementation. As a result, businesses are increasingly concerned about compliance risks, with some industry groups calling for a grace period to ensure a smooth transition.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This article provides a brief background on the PPWR, discusses key elements of this new regulatory framework for packaging, and seeks to clarify some of the confusion regarding the timeline of implementation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><em>From Packaging and Packaging Waste Directive to Regulation<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dealing with packaging waste has long been a priority of the European Commission, which had <a href=\"https:\/\/environment.ec.europa.eu\/topics\/waste-and-recycling\/packaging-waste_en\">observed<\/a> that \u201c<em>Increasing quantities of packaging are generated in the EU while the levels of re-use, collection and recycling remain low<\/em>\u201d, posing a \u201c<em>significant barrier to achieving a&nbsp;low-carbon, circular and resilient economy<\/em>\u201d. In 1994, the EU adopted <a href=\"https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/eli\/dir\/1994\/62\/2015-05-26\"><em>Directive 94\/62\/EC of 20 December 1994 on packaging and packaging waste<\/em><\/a> (Packaging and Packaging Waste Directive,hereinafter, PPWD), which entered into force on 31 December 1994.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In November 2022, following a <a href=\"https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/info\/law\/better-regulation\/have-your-say\/initiatives\/12263-Reducing-packaging-waste-review-of-rules_en\">review<\/a> of the PPWD, the European Commission adopted a <a href=\"https:\/\/environment.ec.europa.eu\/publications\/proposal-packaging-and-packaging-waste_en\"><em>Proposal<\/em><\/a><em> <\/em>for a <em>Regulation on packaging and packaging waste<\/em>, intended to address the growing amount of packaging waste in the EU, as well as new issues not addressed by the PPWD, such as packaging and packaging waste related to electronic commerce<em>. <\/em>Following the EU\u2019s ordinary legislative procedure, the PPWR entered into force on 11 February 2025, but did not apply immediately. The PPWR foresees that the PPWD would be repealed 18 months after the PPWR\u2019s entry into force, namely on 12 August 2026, coinciding with the date on which the PPWR will start to apply.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><em>Definition of \u201cmanufacturer\u201d<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Many of the obligations under the PPWR are linked to the manufacturer of the packaging. Notably, the manufacturer is not necessarily the natural or legal person that physically produces the packaging. Article 3(13) of the PPWR defines \u201c<em>manufacturer<\/em>\u201d as \u201c<em>any natural or legal person that manufactures packaging or a packaged product<\/em>\u201d, but adds that, \u201c<em>where a natural or legal person has packaging or a packaged product designed or manufactured under its own name or trademark, regardless of whether any other trademark is visible on the packaging or on the packaging product<\/em>\u201d, then that natural or legal person is deemed to be the manufacturer. In practice, this means that brand owners that contract suppliers to produce the packaging for their products are considered the manufacturers.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><em>Conformity assessment obligations from 12 August 2026<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">One of the core requirements of the PPWR is the \u2018<em>conformity assessment procedure<\/em>\u2019, which refers to the process of demonstrating whether the sustainability, safety, labelling, and information requirements laid down in Articles 5 to 12 of the PPWR have been fulfilled. The PPWR relies on the manufacturers themselves to undertake the conformity assessment and to issue the \u2018<em>Declaration of Conformity<\/em>\u2019.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Under Article 15 of the PPWR, which lists the obligations of manufacturers, before placing packaging on the EU market, manufacturers (or their authorised representatives) must: 1) Carry out the conformity assessment procedure; 2) Draw up the \u2018<em>Technical Documentation<\/em>\u2019, which must make it possible to assess the packaging\u2019s conformity with the applicable requirements; and 3) Draw up the \u2018<em>EU Declaration of Conformity<\/em>\u2019, which must state that the fulfilment of the requirements in Articles 5 to 12 of the PPWR has been demonstrated.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The obligation of manufacturers to carry out the conformity assessment procedure, draw up the <em>Technical Documentation, <\/em>and issue the <em>EU Declaration of Conformity<\/em> applies from 12 August 2026. Given the extensive requirements in Articles 5 to 12, as well as the prospect of penalties in case of non-compliance, businesses have expressed concerns about being able to accomplish the conformity assessment procedure and draw up the <em>Technical Documentation <\/em>and the <em>EU Declaration of Conformity <\/em>by 12 August 2026. Some industry groups have even <a href=\"https:\/\/www.eurocommerce.eu\/2026\/06\/retailers-warn-of-disruption-risks-as-eu-packaging-rules-deadline-is-approaching-call-for-clarity-and-grace-period-of-12-months-to-address-remaining-issues\/\">called on<\/a> the European Commission to implement a \u201c<em>grace period<\/em>\u201d to give businesses more time to comply with the PPWR.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><em>Imminent application, but phased implementation<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">While businesses are rightfully concerned about the compliance risks arising from the imminent application of the PPWR, it should be noted that many of the obligations therein will not immediately apply on 12 August 2026, but will, instead, apply gradually over the next several years. As pointed out by the European Commission\u2019s Directorate-General for Environment (hereinafter, DG ENV) in its <a href=\"https:\/\/environment.ec.europa.eu\/publications\/faq-packaging-and-packaging-waste-regulation-ppwr_en\"><em>Frequently Asked Questions<\/em><\/a> document, \u201c<em>certain key provisions will apply only from the date specified therein<\/em>\u201d, noting that, \u201c<em>In several cases, the entry into force of the obligation is linked to the expiry of a certain time after the adoption of the necessary implementing or delegated acts<\/em>\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">As it stands, the only requirements detailed in Articles 5 to 12 of the PPWR that will apply from 12 August 2026 without qualification are those under Article 5, which requires manufacturers to minimise the presence in the packaging of certain substances of concern. More specifically, Article 5(4) sets a limit of 100 mg\/kg for the sum of the concentrations of the heavy metals lead, cadmium, mercury, and hexavalent chromium, while Article 5(5) sets out limits for the per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS) present in food-contact packaging. Manufacturers must ensure that the conformity assessment procedure, the <em>Technical Documentation, <\/em>and <em>EU Declaration of Conformity <\/em>all demonstrate compliance with the heavy metals and the PFAS limits in Article 5 of the PPWR. Business importing packaging or packaged products into the EU and placing them on the market will have to ensure that the products comply with the PPWR requirements, while distributors, referring to \u201c<em>any natural or legal person in the supply chain, other than the manufacturer or importer, that makes packaging available on the market<\/em>\u201d, will have to \u201c<em>act with due care in relation to the requirements of this Regulation<\/em>\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><em>Ensuring compliance<\/em><\/strong> In view of the imminent application of the PPWR, businesses concerned about compliance risks are advised to carefully examine the provisions of the PPWR and to determine which requirements are applicable to them, and when these requirements will become enforceable. While some lenience in enforcement by EU Member States\u2019 competent authorities may reasonably be expected at the start of the applicability of the new rules, businesses should carefully map their supply chains, ensure compliance, and seek advice and support as necessary.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><em>For any additional information or legal advice on this matter, please contact Tobias Dolle&nbsp;<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 id=\"Thailand\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Thailand to modernise its electronic system for issuing advance rulings on tariff classification and Customs data integration<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><em>By Alya Mahira, <\/em><\/strong><em><strong>Pattranit Chantaplaboon<\/strong><\/em><strong><em>, and Paolo R. Vergano<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">On 25 May 2026, Thailand\u2019s Customs Department launched a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.law.go.th\/listeningDetail?survey_id=NzE5NURHQV9MQVdfRlJPTlRFTkQ=\">public consultation<\/a> on the <a href=\"https:\/\/kprc75t6q3.execute-api.ap-southeast-7.amazonaws.com\/prod\/dga-backoffice-api\/dga-storage\/uploads\/2026-05-22-14:06:10_%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3.pdf\"><em>Draft<\/em><em> <\/em><em>Notification<\/em><em> <\/em><em>of<\/em><em> <\/em><em>the<\/em><em> <\/em><em>Customs<\/em><em> <\/em><em>Department<\/em><em> <\/em><em>No.<\/em><em> \u2026\/<\/em><em>2569 <\/em><em>Regarding<\/em><em> <\/em><em>Rules,<\/em><em> <\/em><em>Procedures,<\/em><em> <\/em><em>and<\/em><em> <\/em><em>Conditions<\/em><em> <\/em><em>for<\/em><em> <\/em><em>the<\/em><em> <\/em><em>Submission,<\/em><em> <\/em><em>Consideration,<\/em><em> <\/em><em>and<\/em><em> <\/em><em>Notification<\/em><em> <\/em><em>of<\/em><em> <\/em><em>Results<\/em><em> <\/em><em>of<\/em><em> <\/em><em>Applications<\/em><em> <\/em><em>for<\/em><em> <\/em><em>Advance<\/em><em> <\/em><em>Customs<\/em><em> <\/em><em>Valuation,<\/em><em> <\/em><em>Rules<\/em><em> <\/em><em>of<\/em><em> <\/em><em>Origin,<\/em><em> <\/em><em>and<\/em><em> <\/em><em>Tariff<\/em><em> <\/em><em>Classification<\/em><\/a> (hereinafter, Draft Notification), which was open until 28 June 2026. The <em>Notification <\/em>aims at modernising Thailand\u2019s electronic system for advance rulings on tariff classification, the <a href=\"https:\/\/tariffeservice.customs.go.th\/ITRF\/index.jsp\"><em>e<\/em><em>\u2011<\/em><em>Advance Tariff Ruling<\/em><\/a>, by introducing digital notifications of advance tariff classification decisions and improved Customs data integration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This article offers an overview of Thailand\u2019s commitment to provide advance rulings under the relevant international agreements and the existing domestic framework. It also examines the amendments proposed under the <em>Draft Notification <\/em>and their implications for businesses.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><em>Thailand\u2019s commitments to providing advance rulings<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Inconsistent Customs treatment of imported goods creates uncertainty for traders regarding the Customs classification, origin, and valuation of their goods. To address this issue, many Customs authorities issue advance rulings, which refer to binding written decisions on the tariff classification, the origin of goods, and the Customs valuation of commodities over a fixed period before their importation or exportation. By providing certainty on the applicable Customs treatment in advance, advance rulings enhance the transparency and predictability of cross-border trade, support compliance, facilitate business planning, and reduce administrative and compliance costs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Advance rulings are addressed in various international agreements, such as Article 3 of the World Trade Organization\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wcoomd.org\/-\/media\/wco\/public\/global\/pdf\/topics\/facilitation\/activities-and-programmes\/tf-negociations\/wto-docs\/tntf\/2014\/931-en.pdf?db=web\"><em>Agreement on Trade Facilitation<\/em><\/a> and in Article 62 of the <a href=\"https:\/\/asean.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/ASEAN-Trade-in-Goods-Agreement.pdf\"><em>ASEAN Trade in Goods Agreement<\/em><\/a> (hereinafter, ATIGA). Additionally, Article 4.10.12 of the <a href=\"https:\/\/agreement.asean.org\/media\/download\/20260402044445.pdf\"><em>Second Protocol to Amend the ATIGA<\/em><\/a> encourages the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (hereinafter, ASEAN) to make publicly available information on advance rulings that \u201c<em>it considers to be of significant interest<\/em>\u201d to other ASEAN Member States (hereinafter, AMSs). Article 4.10.4 of the <em>Second Protocol to Amend the ATIGA<\/em> also requires that advance rulings\u201c<em>be issued in a reasonable, specified, and time-bound manner<\/em> <em>and to the extent possible within 90 days<\/em>\u201d of receiving all the necessary information.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Broadly consistent with these international commitments, Thailand has established a domestic framework for advance rulings on Customs valuation, rules of origin, and tariff classification through the <a href=\"https:\/\/ratchakitcha.soc.go.th\/documents\/2136909.pdf\"><em>Notification of the Customs Department No. 17\/2561 Regarding Rules, Procedures, and Conditions for the Submission, Consideration, and Notification of Results of Applications for Advance Customs Valuation, Rules of Origin, and Tariff Classification<\/em><\/a> (hereinafter, Notification No. 17\/2561), which was issued in 2018.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Notification No. 17\/2561<\/em> permits importers, exporters, and their authorised representatives to request advance rulings on Customs valuation, rules of origin, and tariff classification, and sets out the procedures governing the submission, consideration, and issuance of such rulings.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><em>Zooming in on Thailand<\/em><\/strong><strong><em>\u2019<\/em><\/strong><strong><em>s framework for advance rulings<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Under <em>Notification<\/em><em> <\/em><em>No.<\/em><em> 17\/2561<\/em>, traders seeking advance rulings must submit a written application, together with supporting documents (<em>e.g<\/em>., invoices or letters of credit, and detailed product descriptions), in paper format to the Thai Customs Department. While applications for advance rulings on tariff classification may be submitted electronically through the <em>e-Advance Tariff Ruling<\/em><em> <\/em>system, the process has remained only partially digitalised, as rulings continue to be issued in paper form and delivered by registered mail. The system\u2019s limited functionality, coupled with the lack of integration with other Thai Customs electronic platforms, creates administrative inefficiencies, increasing processing times and compliance burdens for both traders and Customs authorities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">To address these shortcomings, the <em>Draft Notification <\/em>proposes to enable the electronic issuance of advance rulings on tariff classification through an upgraded <em>e<\/em><em>\u2011<\/em><em>Advance Tariff Ruling<\/em> system. According to the Director-General of the Thai Customs Department, <em>Phantong<\/em><em> <\/em><em>Loykulnanta<\/em>, the upgraded system <a href=\"https:\/\/today.line.me\/th\/v3\/article\/PGeg6r7\">aims<\/a> at supporting the transition to \u201c<em>a<\/em><em> <\/em><em>fully<\/em><em> <\/em><em>digital<\/em><em> <\/em><em>government<\/em>\u201d, which refers to a shift towards digital, paperless Government services replacing traditional procedures and reducing administrative burdens, notably by streamlining Customs workflows, facilitating trade, and enhancing efficiency and convenience for traders and Customs officials.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><em>Key features of the upgraded e<\/em><\/strong><strong><em>\u2011<\/em><\/strong><strong><em>Advance<\/em><\/strong><strong><em> <\/em><\/strong><strong><em>Tariff<\/em><\/strong><strong><em> <\/em><\/strong><strong><em>Ruling<\/em><\/strong><strong><em> <\/em><\/strong><strong><em>system<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The upgraded <em>e<\/em><em>\u2011<\/em><em>Advance<\/em><em> <\/em><em>Tariff<\/em><em> <\/em><em>Ruling<\/em> system envisaged by the <em>Draft<\/em><em> <\/em><em>Notification<\/em><em> <\/em>would enable the electronic issuance of advance rulings on tariff classification, replacing the current practice of issuing rulings in paper form and distributing them via registered mail. This would reduce delays associated with postal delivery, particularly for applicants located overseas. The new approach would also enable applicants to track the progress of their applications in real time, as well as to access, download, and print the rulings directly from the system\u2019s platform.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The <em>Draft<\/em><em> <\/em><em>Notification<\/em><em> <\/em>foresees the enhanced integration of the upgraded <em>e<\/em><em>\u2011<\/em><em>Advance<\/em><em> <\/em><em>Tariff<\/em><em> <\/em><em>Ruling<\/em> with other Thai Customs Department\u2019s electronic systems to, <em>inter alia<\/em>, facilitate Customs clearance and improve data accuracy. In particular, the <em>e<\/em><em>\u2011<\/em><em>Advance<\/em><em> <\/em><em>Tariff<\/em><em> <\/em><em>Ruling<\/em> system would be integrated with the <a href=\"https:\/\/ccc.customs.go.th\/list_strc_download.php?ini_content=import_procedure_161209_02&amp;ini_menu=import_procedure&amp;left_menu=import_procedure_161208_06&amp;lang=th&amp;left_menu=import_procedure_161208_06\"><em>e<\/em><em>\u2011<\/em><em>Import<\/em><\/a> system<em>, <\/em>which is used to submit import declarations and supporting documents for Customs clearance, and linked with the <a href=\"https:\/\/e-tracking.customs.go.th\/ETS\/index.jsp\"><em>e<\/em><em>\u2011<\/em><em>Tracking<\/em><\/a> system, which enables traders and their authorised representatives to monitor the status of Customs procedures in real time. These enhancements would enable advance rulings on tariff classification to be referenced electronically by Customs officers during clearance, eliminating the need for traders to submit paper copies of such rulings.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><em>A step towards more informed compliance <\/em><\/strong><strong><em><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Thailand\u2019s efforts to modernise and digitalise its advance rulings under the<em> Draft<\/em><em> <\/em><em>Notification<\/em><em> <\/em>represent a positive step towards strengthening \u2018<a href=\"https:\/\/asean.org\/our-communities\/economic-community\/asean-customs\/informed-compliance\/\"><em>informed compliance<\/em><\/a>\u2019, an objective that the private sector operating in the ASEAN region has increasingly requested AMSs to seek, as part of broader Customs modernisation and trade facilitation initiatives. By enabling the electronic issuance of advance rulings and improving integration with other Customs electronic systems, the upgraded <em>e<\/em><em>\u2011<\/em><em>Advance Tariff Ruling <\/em>would enhance transparency, predictability, and administrative efficiency, while bringing Thailand\u2019s Customs administration closer to its international commitments and best practices.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The <em>Draft<\/em><em> <\/em><em>Notification<\/em> is also broadly aligned with the recommendations of international businesses operating in the ASEAN region. Notably, the <em>EU-ASEAN Business Council<\/em> (hereinafter, EU-ABC) has championed greater transparency in advance rulings since 2021, <a href=\"https:\/\/eu-asean.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/ASEAN-Economic-Integration-Practical-Suggestions-to-Advance-Trade-Facilitation-2021.pdf#page=11.43\">calling<\/a> for AMSs to establish\u201c<em>a searchable and fully updated database for all advance rulings<\/em>\u201d. In 2025, the EU-ABC reiterated this call and further <a href=\"https:\/\/eu-asean.eu\/elevating-eu-asean-relations-towards-modern-and-innovative-trade-agreements-and-strategic-cooperation\/\">urged<\/a> AMSs to publish \u201c<em>all Customs-related laws, regulations, and administrative procedures in English in a timely manner<\/em>\u201d, and to issue written advance rulings \u201c<em>within 90 days of the application<\/em>\u201d, as this information, when accurate, comprehensive and publicly-available, would be a great driver for regional economic integration and greater rule of law through legal certainty.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Additionally, the EU-ABC has also been working with ASEAN towards \u2018<em>informed compliance<\/em>\u2019, an even broader concept of transparency and commercial predictability, which has now been framed on an ASEAN <a href=\"https:\/\/asean.org\/our-communities\/economic-community\/asean-customs\/informed-compliance\/\">webpage<\/a>, and that, despite being still in its infancy, could be of great value to ASEAN businesses, if properly and systematically implemented. As always with most ASEAN policies and measures, actual and consistent implementation across the 11 AMSs is the key test and, hopefully, transparency on advance rulings and informed compliance will fare better than it did on the <a href=\"https:\/\/atr.asean.org\/\"><em>ASEAN Trade Repository<\/em><\/a> (ATR) under the ATIGA, where the mandatory obligation for it to be displayed was not effectively and consistently implemented by AMSs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">While the <em>Draft Notification<\/em> by Thailand does not provide for the establishment of such database, its specified timeframe for issuing advance rulings is in line with the EU-ABC\u2019s 90-day recommendation and, most importantly, with Article 4.10.4 of the <em>Second Protocol to Amend the ATIGA<\/em> (<em>i.e<\/em>., the \u2018<em>Upgraded ATIGA<\/em>\u2019), as it further advances this objective by improving traders\u2019 digital access to advance rulings through the upgraded <em>e-Advance Tariff Ruling<\/em> system.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><em>Implications for businesses<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Once adopted and in force, the <em>Notification<\/em><em> <\/em>would repeal and replace the <em>Notification<\/em><em> <\/em><em>No.<\/em><em> 17\/2561<\/em>. According to Director-General <em>Loykulnanta<\/em>, the <em>e<\/em><em>\u2011<\/em><em>Advance Tariff Ruling <\/em>system is expected to be upgraded and fully launched by August 2026. The upgraded <em>e<\/em><em>\u2011<\/em><em>Advance Tariff Ruling <\/em>system is expected to benefit importers by improving efficiency, reducing the risk of reclassification, lowering compliance costs through faster clearance, and enabling more reliable cost and supply chain planning. While the <em>Draft Notification <\/em>does not introduce substantive changes to advance rulings on Customs valuation and rules of origin, it may signal a broader trend towards digitalisation and trade facilitation. Future Customs regulations should adopt a similar approach to strengthen informed compliance and support Thailand\u2019s ambition for \u201c<em>a fully digital government<\/em>\u201d. Businesses should closely monitor the developments and seek legal support in relation to requests for advance rulings<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><em>For any additional information or legal advice on this matter, please contact Paolo R. Vergano&nbsp;<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 id=\"Food\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>New EU labelling rules for honey enter into effect: Implementing rules on methods of analysis to detect adulterated honey and traceability are next<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><em>By&nbsp;<\/em><\/strong><strong><em>Ignacio Carre\u00f1o Garc\u00eda,&nbsp;<\/em><\/strong><strong><em>Paolo R. Vergano, and<\/em><\/strong><strong><em>&nbsp;Tobias Dolle<\/em><\/strong><strong><em><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">On 14 June 2026, the EU\u2019s new labelling rules for honey under the so-called <a href=\"https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/eli\/dir\/2024\/1438\/oj\/eng\">\u201c<em>Breakfast Directives<\/em>\u201d<\/a> entered into effect. Under the new rules for blended honey, all countries of origin must be clearly indicated on the label, in descending order of weight, along with the percentage contribution of each country. The previous rules allowed broader origin declarations for blended honey, such as \u201c<em>a blend of EU honeys<\/em>\u201d or \u201c<em>a blend of EU and non-EU honeys<\/em>\u201d, without further detail on the specific countries of origin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This article provides an overview of the revised country of origin labelling requirements for honey and discusses the forthcoming requirements for honey traceability, as well as reactions from selected EU Member States and industry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><em>Changes to the country of origin labelling for honey for greater transparency<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">On 21 April 2023, the European Commission (hereinafter, Commission) had proposed the revision of the EU marketing standards contained in certain so-called \u201c<em>Breakfast Directives<\/em>\u201d, which, according to the Commission, \u201c<em>are more than 20 years old<\/em>\u201d. The revised Directives seek to \u201c<em>promote a shift to healthier diets, help consumers make informed choices, and ensure transparency regarding the origin of products<\/em>\u201d. With respect to honey, the new rules set out in <a href=\"https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/eli\/dir\/2024\/1438\/oj\/eng\"><em>Directive (EU) 2024\/1438 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 14 May 2024 amending Council Directives 2001\/110\/EC relating to honey, 2001\/112\/EC relating to fruit juices and certain similar products intended for human consumption, 2001\/113\/EC relating to fruit jams, jellies and marmalades and sweetened chestnut pur\u00e9e intended for human consumption, and 2001\/114\/EC relating to certain partly or wholly dehydrated preserved milk for human consumption<\/em><\/a> are, in particular, designed to: 1) Combat adulterated honey imports from non-EU countries through \u201c<em>obligatory and clearly visible country of origin labelling<\/em>\u201d; and 2) \u201c<em>Launch a process to create a honey traceability system<\/em>\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The main novelty of the revision of the \u201c<em>Breakfast Directives<\/em>\u201d is a significant change regarding the country of origin labelling of honey under <a href=\"https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/EN\/ALL\/?uri=celex%3A32001L0110\"><em>Council Directive 2001\/110\/EC relating to honey<\/em><\/a>. According to Recital 5 of <a href=\"https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/EN\/ALL\/?uri=celex%3A32001L0110\"><em>Council Directive 2001\/110\/EC<\/em><\/a>, consumers have particular \u201c<em>interests as regards the geographical characteristics of honey<\/em>\u201d and, for transparency reasons, \u201c<em>the country of origin where the honey has been harvested should be included in the labelling<\/em>\u201d. <em>Council Directive 2001\/110\/EC <\/em>originally required the indication of the country or countries where the honey has been harvested on the label. However, for honey blends, it also provided for the possibility to replace the list of countries of origin of the honey by one of the following, as appropriate: \u201c<em>Blend of EU honeys<\/em>\u201d, \u201c<em>Blend of non-EU honeys<\/em>\u201d, \u201c<em>Blend of EU and non-EU honeys<\/em>\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In 2021 and 2022, the coordinated action <a href=\"https:\/\/food.ec.europa.eu\/safety\/eu-agri-food-fraud-network\/eu-coordinated-actions\/honey-2021-2022_en\"><em>From the Hives<\/em><\/a> by the Commission\u2019s Directorate General for Health and Food Safety (SANTE), the EU\u2019s Joint Research Centre (JRC), and the EU\u2019s Anti-Fraud Office (OLAF) highlighted that a high percentage of honey placed on the EU market is suspected of being adulterated with sugars. The <a href=\"https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/EN\/TXT\/HTML\/?uri=CELEX:52023PC0201\"><em>Explanatory Memorandum<\/em><\/a> to the Commission\u2019s legislative Proposal to amend the <a href=\"https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/eli\/dir\/2024\/1438\/oj\/eng\"><em>\u201cBreakfast Directives\u201d<\/em><\/a> states that \u201c<em>The lack of harmonisation of EU standards has resulted in differences in labelling of honeys across the Union that may mislead consumers and hinder the functioning of the internal market. For example, operators importing honey blends to be packed in a Member State that requires the individual list of countries may not know the specific countries of origin of the honey<\/em>\u201d and that it was \u201c<em>appropriate to harmonise the rules on origin labelling and remove the possibility not to list the country or countries of origin where the honey originates in more than one country<\/em>\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><em>Labels of honey \u2018blends\u2019 from EU and non-EU countries are no longer permitted<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The amended point 4(a) of Article 2 of <em>Council Directive 2001\/110\/EC relating to honey<\/em> provides that: \u201c<em>The country of origin where the honey has been harvested shall be indicated on the label. If the honey originates in more than one country, the countries of origin where the honey has been harvested shall be indicated on the label in the principal field of vision, in descending order of their share in weight, together with the percentage that each of those countries of origin represents. A tolerance of 5 % shall be allowed for each individual share within the blend, calculated on the basis of the operator\u2019s traceability documentation<\/em>\u201d.Therefore, under the new rules, it is no longer possible to omit the specific country or countries of origin when the honey originates in more than one country. In case of blends, the countries of origin where the honey has been harvested must now all be indicated on the label in the principal field of vision, in descending order of their share in weight, together with the percentage that each of those countries of origin represents.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">However, there are some derogations and EU Member States may provide that, with regard to honey placed on the market within their territory, where the number of countries of origin of honey in a blend is greater than four and the four largest shares represent more than 50% of the blend, it is allowed to indicate the percentage only for the four largest shares, and that the remaining countries of origin be indicated in descending order without a percentage. Furthermore, for packages containing net quantities of honey of less than 30 grams, the names of the countries of origin may be replaced by a two-letter code in accordance with the latest version of the international standard <a href=\"https:\/\/www.iso.org\/iso-3166-country-codes.html\">ISO 3166-1 two-letter code<\/a> in force.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><em>Implementing rules on methods of analysis to detect adulterated honey and traceability<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Article 4 of the revised <em>Council Directive 2001\/110\/EC relating to honey <\/em>provides that the Commission may, taking into account international standards and technical progress, adopt implementing acts laying down the methods of analysis to verify whether honey is compliant with this Directive. By 14 June 2028, the Commission is tasked to adopt implementing acts laying down the methods of analysis to detect adulterated honey. Until the adoption of the relevant implementing acts, EU Member States must, whenever possible, use internationally recognised validated methods of analysis, such as those approved by the <em>Codex Alimentarius<\/em>, to verify compliance with this Directive.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Moreover, the new Article 4a(1)(e) of <em>Council Directive 2001\/110\/EC relating to honey <\/em>provides that, \u201c<em>For the purpose of ensuring fair commercial practices and protecting consumer interests, the Commission is empowered to adopt delegated acts (\u2026) by laying down the methods and criteria to determine the place where honey has been harvested and EU-wide traceability requirements for honey from the harvesting producer or importer to the consumer<\/em>\u201d. The Commission must also carry out feasibility studies, including \u201c<em>an analysis of available digital solutions or methods, including, where appropriate, a unique identifier code or similar techniques<\/em>\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Article 4b of the revised <em>Council Directive 2001\/110\/EC relating to honey <\/em>foresees the creation of a platform composed of representatives of the EU Member States, competent authorities and designated laboratories; experts representing relevant stakeholders in the honey supply chain; and other experts who have knowledge and experience in the areas covered by the Directive to support the Commission. The platform shall, <em>inter alia<\/em>, gather data for methods to improve authenticity controls of honey, in particular methods for the detection of adulteration in honey, with a view to possibly harmonising them, and provide recommendations for a EU traceability system, with a view to tracing the honey back to the harvesting producer or importer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Next steps towards full implementation<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Honey produced, packaged, labelled, and placed on the market before 14 June 2026 may continue to be sold until stocks run out. Therefore, it will take some time before consumers see the labelling change on the shelves. The <em>Food Safety Authority of Ireland<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.agriland.ie\/farming-news\/new-labelling-rules-for-honey-now-in-effect\/\">welcomed<\/a> the updated rules, saying that they will strengthen requirements for labelling in relation to the declaration of the country of origin. The <em>Estonian Association of Professional Beekeepers<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/news.err.ee\/1610055328\/estonian-beekeepers-hope-new-labeling-requirements-will-result-in-a-fairer-market\">states<\/a> that the changes to the labelling requirements would lead to fairer competition, giving regulators new ways to monitor the market, adding that \u201c<em>the ultimate goal is for the entire supply chain to be traceable, from the beekeeper all the way to the jar of honey<\/em>\u201d. The implementing acts providing the rules on methods of analysis to detect adulterated honey and on traceability are still being developed. Interested stakeholders should closely monitor the developments regarding the implementing act on the methods of analysis to detect adulterated honey and the delegated act on traceability in order to contribute to the debate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><em>For any additional information or legal advice on this matter, please contact Ignacio&nbsp;<\/em><\/strong><strong><em>Carre\u00f1o Garcia<\/em><\/strong><strong><em><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 id=\"Legislation\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Recently adopted EU legislation<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Trade Law<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em><a href=\"https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/EN\/TXT\/?uri=CELEX%3A32026D1087&amp;qid=1778572939860\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/EN\/TXT\/?uri=OJ%3AL_202601398&amp;qid=1782442222392\"><em>Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2026\/1398 of 25 June 2026 amending Implementing Regulation (EU) 2021\/1378 as regards the recognition of certain control bodies in accordance with Article 46 of Regulation (EU) 2018\/848 of the European Parliament and of the Council as competent to carry out controls and issue organic certificates in third countries for the purpose of imports of organic products into the Union<\/em><\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/EN\/TXT\/?uri=OJ:L_202601384\"><em>Regulation (EU) 2026\/1384 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17 June 2026 addressing the negative trade-related effects of global overcapacity on the Union steel market and amending Regulation (EU) 2020\/2170<\/em><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/eli\/reg\/2026\/1395\/oj\/eng\"><em>Regulation (EU) 2026\/1395 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17 June 2026 on applying a generalised scheme of tariff preferences and repealing Regulation (EU) No 978\/2012<\/em><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/EN\/TXT\/?uri=OJ:L_202601372\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><em>Council Decision (EU) 2026\/1372 of 8 June 2026 authorising the opening of negotiations for an agreement between the Union and the Republic of Korea on mutual recognition in relation to conformity assessments, certificates and markings<\/em><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Trade Remedies<\/strong><em><a href=\"https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/EN\/TXT\/?uri=OJ%3AL_202600916&amp;qid=1777346990148\"><\/a><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em><a href=\"https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/EN\/TXT\/?uri=CELEX%3A32026D1379&amp;qid=1782442222392\">Commission Implementing Decision (EU) 2026\/1379 of 23 June 2026 terminating the anti-dumping procedure concerning imports of certain polyethylene terephthalate (PET) originating in Vietnam<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/EN\/TXT\/?uri=CELEX%3A32026R1371&amp;qid=1782442222392\"><em>Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2026\/1371 of 22 June 2026 correcting Implementing Regulation (EU) 2026\/831 imposing a definitive anti-dumping duty on imports of certain continuous filament glass fibre products (GFR) originating in Bahrain, Egypt and Thailand<\/em><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/EN\/TXT\/?uri=OJ:L_202601373\"><em>Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2026\/1373 of 22 June 2026 imposing a definitive anti-dumping duty and definitively collecting the provisional duty imposed on imports of 1,4-Butanediol originating in the People\u2019s Republic of China, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and the United States of America<\/em><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/EN\/TXT\/?uri=OJ:L_202601341\"><em>Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2026\/1341 of 17 June 2026 initiating a review of Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2021\/1266 imposing a definitive anti-dumping duty on imports of biodiesel originating in the United States of America following an expiry review pursuant to Article 11(2) of Regulation (EU) 2016\/1036 of the European Parliament and of the Council and Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2021\/1267 imposing definitive countervailing duty on imports of biodiesel originating in the United States of America following an expiry review pursuant to Article 18 of Regulation (EU) 2016\/1037 of the European Parliament and of the Council<\/em><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/EN\/TXT\/?uri=OJ%3AL_202601228&amp;qid=1781233612261\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><em>Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2026\/1228 of 11 June 2026 amending Annex II to Implementing Regulation (EU) 2026\/636 to include Montenegro and Serbia in the list of third countries or territories referred to in Article 17(1), point (b), of Delegated Regulation (EU) 2026\/131<\/em><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Food Law<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/EN\/TXT\/?uri=CELEX%3A32026D1375&amp;qid=1782442222392\"><em>Commission Implementing Decision (EU) 2026\/1375 of 23 June 2026 amending Decision 2005\/290\/EC as regards certification rules and a model animal health\/official certificate for import into the Union of consignments of fresh meat of domestic porcine animals intended for human consumption from Canada<\/em><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/EN\/TXT\/?uri=CELEX%3A32026R1404&amp;qid=1782442222392\"><em>Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2026\/1404 of 22 June 2026 amending Annexes V and XIV to Implementing Regulation (EU) 2021\/404 as regards the entries for Canada and the United States in the lists of third countries, territories, or zones thereof authorised for the entry into the Union of consignments of poultry and germinal products of poultry, and of fresh meat of poultry and game birds<\/em><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em><a href=\"https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/EN\/TXT\/?uri=OJ:L_202601368\">Commission Regulation (EU) 2026\/1314 of 15 June 2026 amending Annexes II, III and V to Regulation (EC) No 396\/2005 of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards maximum residue levels for 1,4-dimethylnaphthalene, chlormequat, metribuzin, metribuzin-desamino-diketo (metribuzin-DADK), terbuthylazine and triclopyr in or on certain products<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/EN\/TXT\/?uri=OJ%3AL_202601305&amp;qid=1781233612261\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><em>Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2026\/1305 of 11 June 2026 amending Implementing Regulation (EU) 2020\/1641 regarding imports of live, chilled, frozen or processed bivalve molluscs, echinoderms, tunicates and marine gastropods for human consumption from the United States of America<\/em><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/EN\/TXT\/?uri=OJ%3AL_202601344&amp;qid=1781233612261\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><em>Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2026\/1344 of 11 June 2026 amending Annexes V and XIV to Implementing Regulation (EU) 2021\/404 as regards the entries for Canada, Chile and the United States in the lists of third countries, territories, or zones thereof authorised for the entry into the Union of consignments of poultry and germinal products of poultry, and of fresh meat of poultry and game birds<\/em><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Imelda Jo Anastasya, Amanda Carlota, Ignacio Carre\u00f1o Garc\u00eda, Pattranit Chantaplaboon<\/em>,<em>&nbsp;Joanna Christy, Tobias Dolle, Alya Mahira, Stella Nalwoga, and Paolo R. Vergano contributed to this issue.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Follow us on&nbsp;<\/em><em>Bluesky&nbsp;<\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/bsky.app\/profile\/fratinivergano.bsky.social\"><em>@fratinivergano.bsky.social<\/em><\/a><strong><em><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">To subscribe to&nbsp;<em>Trade Perspectives<\/em><sup>\u00a9<\/sup>, please click&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/mailchi.mp\/fratinivergano.eu\/tradeperspectives_subscription\">here<\/a>. To unsubscribe, please click&nbsp;<a href=\"mailto:TradePerspectives@fratinivergano.eu?subject=Trade%20Perspectives%20Subscription\">here<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1865","trade-perspectives","type-trade-perspectives","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fratinivergano.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/trade-perspectives\/1865","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fratinivergano.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/trade-perspectives"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fratinivergano.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/trade-perspectives"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fratinivergano.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"version-history":[{"count":13,"href":"https:\/\/www.fratinivergano.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/trade-perspectives\/1865\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1891,"href":"https:\/\/www.fratinivergano.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/trade-perspectives\/1865\/revisions\/1891"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fratinivergano.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1865"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}